Write a function that returns a character mapping from a word.
character_mapping("abcd") ➞ [0, 1, 2, 3] character_mapping("abb") ➞ [0, 1, 1] character_mapping("babbcb") ➞ [0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0] character_mapping("hmmmmm") ➞ [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]